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LM196 Datenblatt(PDF) 6 Page - National Semiconductor (TI)

[Old version datasheet] Texas Instruments acquired National semiconductor.
Teilenummer LM196
Bauteilbeschribung  LM196/LM396 10 Amp Adjustable Voltage Regulator
Download  14 Pages
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Hersteller  NSC [National Semiconductor (TI)]
Direct Link  http://www.national.com
Logo NSC - National Semiconductor (TI)

LM196 Datenblatt(HTML) 6 Page - National Semiconductor (TI)

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Application Hints (Continued)
Input and Output Capacitors
The LM196 will tolerate a wide range of input and output
capacitance but long wire runs or small values of output
capacitance can sometimes cause problems If an output
capacitor is used it should be 1 mF or larger We suggest 10
m
F solid tantalum if significant improvements in high fre-
quency output impedance are needed (see output imped-
ance graph) This capacitor should be as close to the regu-
lator as possible with short leads to reduce the effects of
lead inductance No input capacitor is needed if the regula-
tor is within 6 inches of the power supply filter capacitor
using 18 gauge stranded wire For longer wire runs the
LM196 input should be bypassed locally with a 47 mF (or
larger) solid tantalum capacitor or a 100 mF (or larger) alu-
minum electrolytic capacitor
Correcting for Output Wire Losses (LM196LM396)
Three-terminal regulators can only provide partial Kelvin
load sensing (see Load Regulation) Full remote sensing
can be added by using an external op amp to cancel the
effect of voltage drops in the unsensed positive output lead
In
Figure 7 the LM301A op amp forces the voltage loss
across the unsensed output lead to appear across R3 The
current through R3 then flows out the Vb pin of the op amp
through R4 The voltage drop across R4 will raise the output
voltage by an amount equal to the line loss just cancelling
the line loss itself A small (j 40 mV) initial output voltage
error is created by the quiescent current of the op amp
Cancellation range is limited by the maximum output current
of the op amp about 300 mV as shown This can be raised
by increasing R3 or R4 at the expense of more initial output
error
Transformers and Diodes
Proper transformer ratings are very important in a high cur-
rent supply because of the conflicting requirements of effi-
ciency and tolerance to low-line conditions A transformer
with a high secondary voltage will waste power and cause
unnecessary heating in the regulator Too low a secondary
voltage will cause loss of regulation under low-line condi-
tions The following formulas may be used to calculate the
required secondary voltage and current ratings using a full-
wave center tap
Vrms e
VOUTaVREGaVRECTaVRIPPLE
02
J
VNOM
VLOW
J(11) J
Irms e (IOUT) (12)
(Full-wave center tap)
where
VOUT e DC regulated output voltage
VREG e Minimum input-output voltage of regulator
VRECT e Rectifier forward voltage drop at three times DC
output current
VRIPPLE e 12 peak-to-peak capacitor ripple voltage
e
(53 c 10b3)(IOUT)
2C
The factor of 11 is only an approximate factor accounting for load regula-
tion of the transformer
VNOM e Nominal line voltage AC rms
VLOW e Low line voltage AC rms
IOUT e DC output current
Example IOUT e 10A VOUT e 5V
Assume VREG e 22V VRECT e 12V
VRIPPLE e 2 Vp-p VNOM e 115V
VLOW e 105V
Vrms e
5a22a12a1
02
J115
105
J 11
e
801 Vrms
Capacitor C e
(53 c 10b3)(IOUT)
2 c VRIPPLE
e
(53 c 10b3)(10)
2
e
26500 mF
The diodes used in a full-wave rectified capacitor input sup-
ply must have a DC current rating considerably higher than
the average current flowing through them In a 10A supply
for instance the average current through each diode is only
5A but the diodes should have a rating of 10A – 15A There
are many reasons for this both thermal and electrical The
diodes conduct current in pulses about 35 ms wide with a
peak value of 5 – 8 times the average value and an rms
value 15 – 20 times the average value This results in long
term diode heating roughly equivalent to 10A DC current
The most demanding condition however may be the one
cycle surge through the diode during power turn on The
peak value of the surge is about 10 – 20 times the DC output
current of the supply or 100A – 200A for a 10A supply The
diodes must have a one cycle non-repetitive surge rating of
200A or more and this is usually not found in a diode with
less than 10A average current rating Keep in mind that
even though the LM196 may be used at current levels be-
low 10A the diodes may still have to survive shorted output
conditions where average current could rise to 12A – 15A
Smaller transformers and filter capacitors used in lower cur-
rent supplies will reduce surge currents but unless specific
information is available on worst-case surges it is best not
to economize on diodes Stud-mounted devices in a DO-4
package are recommended Cathode-to-case types may be
bolted directly to the same heat sink as the LM196 because
the case of the regulator is its power input Part numbers to
consider are the 1N1200 series rated at 12A average cur-
rent in a DO-4 stud package Additional types include com-
mon cathode duals in a TO-3 package both standard and
Schottky and various duals in plastic filled assemblies
Schottky diodes will improve efficiency especially in low
voltage applications In a 5V supply for instance Schottky
diodes will decrease wasted power by up to 6W or alterna-
tively provide an additional 5% ‘‘drop out’’ margin for low-
line conditions Several manufacturers are producing ‘‘high
efficiency’’ diodes with a forward voltage drop nearly as
good as Schottkys at high current levels These devices do
not have the low breakdown voltages of Schottkys so are
much less prone to reverse breakdown induced failures
6


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