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MT9V023 Datenblatt(PDF) 25 Page - ON Semiconductor

Teilenummer MT9V023
Bauteilbeschribung  1/3-Inch Wide?륷GA CMOS Digital Image Sensor
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Hersteller  ONSEMI [ON Semiconductor]
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The algorithm works as follows:
Logical columns 755-790 in the pixel array provide 36
optically black pixel values. Of the 36 values, two smallest
value and two largest values are discarded. The remaining
32 values are averaged by summing them and discarding the
5 LSB of the result. The 10-bit result is subtracted from each
pixel value on the row in turn. In addition, a positive constant
will be added (Reg0x71, bits 7:0). This constant should be
set to the dark level targeted by the black level algorithm plus
the noise expected on the measurements of the averaged
values from dark columns; it is meant to prevent clipping
from negative noise fluctuations.
Pixel value + ADC value – dark column average ) R0x71[9 : 0]
(eq. 21)
Note that this algorithm does not work in color sensor.
Automatic Gain Control and Automatic Exposure
Control
The integrated AEC/AGC unit is responsible for ensuring
that optimal auto settings of exposure and (analog) gain are
computed and updated every frame.
AEC and AGC can be individually enabled or disabled by
R0xAF. When AEC is disabled (R0xAF[0] = 0), the sensor
uses the manual exposure value in coarse and fine shutter
width registers. When AGC is disabled (R0xAF[1] = 0), the
sensor uses the manual gain value in R0x35 or R0x36. See
“Pixel Integration Control” and the MT9V023 Developer
Guide, for more information.
Figure 27. Controllable and Observable AEC/AGC Registers
EXP. LPF
(R0xA8)
1
0
1
0
EXP. SKIP
(R0xA6)
Coarse Shutter
Width Total
AEC ENABLE
(R0xAF[0 or 8])
MAX. EXPOSURE (R0xBD)
MIN EXPOSURE (R0xAC)
AEC
UNIT
To exposure
timing control
AEC
OUTPUT
R0xBB
R0xBA
To analog
gain control
HISTOGRAM
GENERATOR
UNIT
AGC
UNIT
GAIN LPF
(R0xAB)
GAIN SKIP
(R0xA9)
MANUAL GAIN
A or B
AGC ENABLE
(R0xAF[1 or 9])
AGC OUTPUT
MAX. GAIN
(R0xAB)
MIN GAIN
DESIRED BIN
(desired luminance)
(R0xA5)
16
The exposure is measured in row-time by reading R0xBB.
The exposure range is 1 to 2047. The gain is measured in
gain-units by reading R0xBA. The gain range is 16 to 63
(unity gain = 16 gain-units; multiply by 1/16 to get the true
gain).
When AEC is enabled (R0xAF), the maximum auto
exposure value is limited by R0xBD; minimum auto
exposure is limited by AEC Minimum Exposure, R0xAC.
NOTE: AEC does not support sub-row timing;
calculated exposure values are rounded down to
the nearest row-time. For smoother response,
manual control is recommended for short
exposure times.
When AGC is enabled (R0xAF), the maximum auto gain
value is limited by R0xAB; minimum auto gain is fixed to
16 gain-units.
The exposure control measures current scene luminosity
and desired output luminosity by accumulating a histogram
of pixel values while reading out a frame. All pixels are used,
whether in color or mono mode. The desired exposure and
gain are then calculated from this for subsequent frame.
When binning is enabled, tuning of the AEC may be
required. The histogram pixel count register, R0xB0, may be
adjusted to reflect reduced pixel count. Desired bin register,
R0xA5, may be adjusted as required.
Pixel Clock Speed
The pixel clock speed is same as the master clock
(SYSCLK) at 26.66 MHz by default. However, when
column binning 2 or 4 (R0x0D or R0x0E, bit 2 or 3) is
enabled, the pixel clock speed is reduced by half and
one-fourth of the master clock speed respectively. See “Read


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