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FAN4146 Datenblatt(PDF) 5 Page - Fairchild Semiconductor

Teilenummer FAN4146
Bauteilbeschribung  Ground Fault Interrupter
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Hersteller  FAIRCHILD [Fairchild Semiconductor]
Direct Link  http://www.fairchildsemi.com
Logo FAIRCHILD - Fairchild Semiconductor

FAN4146 Datenblatt(HTML) 5 Page - Fairchild Semiconductor

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© 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation
www.fairchildsemi.com
FAN4146 • Rev. 1.0.0
5
Functional Description
Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3.
The FAN4146 is a two-wire GFCI controller for AC
ground-fault-circuit interrupters. The internal rectifier
circuit is biased by the AC line during the positive half
cycle of the AC line voltage. The internal 12V shunt
regulator uses a precision temperature-compensated
bandgap reference. The combination of precision
reference circuitry and precision sense amplifier
provides for an accurate ground-fault tolerance. This
allows for selection of external components with wider
and lower-cost parameter variation. Due to the low
quiescent current, a high value external series resistor
(R1) can be used which reduces the maximum power
wattage required for this resistor. The 12V shunt
regulator generates the reference voltage VREF for the
sense amplifier’s (A1) non-inverting input (AC ground
reference) and supplies the bias for the delay timer (t1),
comparators (C1 & C2), and the SCR driver.
The secondary winding of the sense transformer is
directly DC coupled to the inverting input of the sense
amplifier at pin 5 (VFB). The RSET resistor converts the
sense transformer’s secondary current to a voltage at
pin 6 (AmpOut). This voltage is compared to the internal
window comparator (C1 & C2) and, when the AmpOut
voltage exceeds the +/-VTH threshold voltage, the
window comparator triggers the internal delay timer.
The output of the window comparator must stay HIGH
for the duration of the t1 timer. If the window
comparator’s output momentarily goes LOW, the t1
timer resets. If the window comparator’s output is still
HIGH at the end of the t1 pulse, the SCR driver enables
the current source I1 and disables Q1. The current
source I1 then enables the external SCR, which
energizes the solenoid, opens the contact switches to
the load, and removes the hazardous ground fault. The
window comparator allows detection of a positive or
negative IFAULT signal independent from the phase of
the line voltage. An internal under-voltage lockout circuit
disables the SCR driver if the voltage at pin 3 (LINE) is
below 7.5V. This prevents the SCR from energizing the
solenoid when the SCR’s anode voltage is below 65V.
The sense transformer typically has a toroidal core
made of laminated steel rings or solid ferrite material.
The secondary of the transformer is typically 1000 turns
of #40 wire wound through the toroid. The primary is
typically one turn made by passing the AC hot and
neutral wires through the center of the toroid. When a
ground fault exists, a difference exists between the
current flowing in hot and neutral wires. The primary
difference current divided by the primary-to-secondary
turns ratio is the current that flows through the
secondary wire of the transformer.
Calculation of RSET Resistor
The
AmpOut
signal
must
exceed
the
window
comparator’s VTH threshold voltage for longer than the
delay timer and calculated by:
VTH=IFAULT x 1.41 x RSET x COS(2π x (t/2P)) / N
(1)
RSET = (VTH x N) / (1.41 x IFAULT x COS(π x t/P))
(2)
where:
VTH
=3.5V
IFAULT = 5mA (UL943B)
t
= 1ms (timer delay)
P
= Period of the AC Line (1/60Hz)
N
= Ratio of secondary to primary turns (1000:1)
RSET = 505K
Ω (511KΩ standard 1% value)
In practice, the transformer is non-ideal, so RSET may
need to be adjusted by up to 30% to obtain the desired
Ifault trip threshold.
Calculation of VOS Trip Threshold Error
Since the sense coil is directly connected to the
feedback of the sense amplifier, the VOS offset
introduces an Ifault threshold error. This error can be
calculated as follows:
%Error=100 x (VOS x RSET) / (RIN + RLDC + RLAC) / VTH
(3)
where:
VOS
=
+/-450µV (worst case)
+/-150µV (typical)
RSET
= 511K
Ω
RIN
= 470
Ω (typical value)
RLDC = 75
Ω (sense coil secondary DC resistance)
RLAC = 1.5 KΩ (AC(jωL) impedance of sense coil),
L= 4H, f= 60Hz)
VTH
= 3.5V
%Error=
+/- 3.2% (worst case)
+/- 1.1% (typical)


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