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AD9740ARU Datenblatt(PDF) 10 Page - Analog Devices |
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AD9740ARU Datenblatt(HTML) 10 Page - Analog Devices |
10 / 20 page REV. 0 AD9740 –10– REFERENCE CONTROL AMPLIFIER The AD9740 contains a control amplifier that is used to regu- late the full-scale output current, IOUTFS. The control amplifier is configured as a V-I converter as shown in Figure 4, so that its current output, IREF, is determined by the ratio of the VREFIO and an external resistor, RSET, as stated in Equation 4. IREF is copied to the segmented current sources with the proper scale factor to set IOUTFS as stated in Equation 3. The control amplifier allows a wide (10:1) adjustment span of IOUTFS over a 2 mA to 20 mA range by setting IREF between 62.5 µA and 625 µA. The wide adjustment span of IOUTFS provides several benefits. The first relates directly to the power dissipation of the AD9740, which is proportional to IOUTFS (refer to the Power Dissipation section). The second relates to the 20 dB adjustment, which is useful for system gain control purposes. The small signal bandwidth of the reference control amplifier is approximately 500 kHz and can be used for low-frequency small signal multiplying applications. DAC TRANSFER FUNCTION Both DACs in the AD9740 provide complementary current outputs, IOUTA and IOUTB. IOUTA will provide a near full- scale current output, IOUTFS, when all bits are high (i.e., DAC CODE = 1023) while IOUTB, the complementary output, provides no current. The current output appearing at IOUTA and IOUTB is a function of both the input code and IOUTFS and can be expressed as: IOUTA DAC CODE I OUTFS =× (/ ) 1024 (1) IOUTB DAC CODE I OUTFS =× (– ) / 1023 1024 (2) where DAC CODE = 0 to 1023 (i.e., decimal representation). As mentioned previously, IOUTFS is a function of the reference current IREF, which is nominally set by a reference voltage, VREFIO, and external resistor, RSET. It can be expressed as: II OUTFS REF =× 32 (3) where IV R REF REFIO SET = / (4) The two current outputs will typically drive a resistive load directly or via a transformer. If dc coupling is required, IOUTA and IOUTB should be directly connected to matching resistive loads, RLOAD, that are tied to analog common, ACOM. Note, RLOAD may represent the equivalent load resistance seen by IOUTA or IOUTB as would be the case in a doubly terminated 50 Ω or 75 Ω cable. The single-ended voltage output appearing at the IOUTA and IOUTB nodes is simply: V IOUTA R OUTA LOAD =× (5) V IOUTB R OUTB LOAD =× (6) Note the full-scale value of VOUTA and VOUTB should not exceed the specified output compliance range to maintain specified distortion and linearity performance. V IOUTA IOUTB R DIFF LOAD =× (– ) (7) Substituting the values of IOUTA, IOUTB, IREF, and VDIFF can be expressed as: V DAC CODE RR V DIFF LOAD SET REFIO =× {} × ()× (– ) / / 2 1023 1024 32 (8) These last two equations highlight some of the advantages of operating the AD9740 differentially. First, the differential operation will help cancel common-mode error sources associ- ated with IOUTA and IOUTB, such as noise, distortion, and dc offsets. Second, the differential code dependent current and subsequent voltage, VDIFF, is twice the value of the single-ended voltage output (i.e., VOUTA or VOUTB), thus providing twice the signal power to the load. Note, the gain drift temperature performance for a single-ended (VOUTA and VOUTB) or differential output (VDIFF) of the AD9740 can be enhanced by selecting temperature tracking resistors for RLOAD and RSET due to their ratiometric relationship as shown in Equation 8. ANALOG OUTPUTS The complementary current outputs in each DAC, IOUTA and IOUTB, may be configured for single-ended or differential opera- tion. IOUTA and IOUTB can be converted into complementary single-ended voltage outputs, VOUTA and VOUTB, via a load resis- tor, RLOAD, as described in the DAC Transfer Function section by Equations 5 through 8. The differential voltage, VDIFF, existing between VOUTA and VOUTB can also be converted to a single-ended voltage via a transformer or differential amplifier configuration. The ac performance of the AD9740 is optimum and specified using a differential transformer coupled output in which the voltage swing at IOUTA and IOUTB is limited to ±0.5 V. The distortion and noise performance of the AD9740 can be enhanced when it is configured for differential operation. The common-mode error sources of both IOUTA and IOUTB can be significantly reduced by the common-mode rejection of a transformer or differential amplifier. These common-mode error sources include even-order distortion products and noise. The enhancement in distortion performance becomes more signifi- cant as the frequency content of the reconstructed waveform increases and/or its amplitude decreases. This is due to the first order cancellation of various dynamic common-mode distortion mechanisms, digital feedthrough, and noise. Performing a differential-to-single-ended conversion via a trans- former also provides the ability to deliver twice the reconstructed signal power to the load (i.e., assuming no source termination). Since the output currents of IOUTA and IOUTB are comple- mentary, they become additive when processed differentially. A properly selected transformer will allow the AD9740 to provide the required power and voltage levels to different loads. The output impedance of IOUTA and IOUTB is determined by the equivalent parallel combination of the PMOS switches associated with the current sources and is typically 100 k Ω in parallel with 5 pF. It is also slightly dependent on the output voltage (i.e., VOUTA and VOUTB) due to the nature of a PMOS device. As a result, maintaining IOUTA and/or IOUTB at a virtual ground via an I-V op amp configuration will result in the optimum dc linearity. Note the INL/DNL specifications for the AD9740 are measured with IOUTA maintained at a virtual ground via an op amp. |
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